1 July 2015
The undersigned civil society groups, working on international criminal justice and human rights, express our deep disappointment with the actions of South African officials in allowing Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir, under charges of the most serious crimes, to depart the country in defiance of a court order and South Africa’s international legal obligations. We applaud the efforts of the Southern Africa Litigation Centre (SALC), which sought to ensure that the government of South Africa abided by its international obligations by arresting al-Bashir.
President al-Bashir, charged with genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity in connection with the conflict in Darfur was in South Africa from 13-15 June for an African Union Summit. South Africa was under a clear obligation to arrest him pursuant to two warrants of arrest issued against him by the International Criminal Court (ICC) on 4 March 2009 (for war crimes and crimes against humanity) and on 12 July 2010 (for genocide).
South Africa is a party to the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Pursuant to the terms of that treaty mandating international cooperation and assistance with the ICC, South Africa was required to facilitate the arrest and surrender of President al-Bashir to The Hague in the Netherlands, the seat of the International Criminal Court. In addition, South Africa’s domestication of the Rome Statute of the ICC makes the government’s failure to arrest President Omar al-Bashir a contravention of domestic law as well.
On 13 June, ICC Presiding Judge Cuno Tarfusser issued a decision declaring that “there exists no ambiguity or uncertainty with respect to the obligation of the Republic of South Africa to immediately arrest and surrender Omar al-Bashir to the Court, and that the competent authorities in the Republic of South Africa are already aware of this obligation.”
Against this background, and because the South African authorities did not appear to intend to effect the arrest of President al-Bashir, the Southern African Litigation Centre moved an application once al-Bashir was in South Africa to compel the Government of South Africa to discharge its legal obligations to arrest al-Bashir and surrender him to the ICC. During the proceedings before the Pretoria High Court, Justice Hans Fabricius made an interim order “compelling Respondents to prevent President Omar al-Bashir from leaving the country until an order is made in this court” after the State opposed the application.
We noted with deep concern reports that rather than arresting President al-Bashir, South African officials apparently allowed him to leave the country in direct defiance of the order by the Pretoria High Court. The actions pose serious consequences for the independence of the judiciary in South Africa and demonstrate a flagrant lack of respect for the rule of law and the rights of Darfur’s victims to have access to justice.
As made clear by ICC Presiding Judge Cuno Tarfusser in his 13 June decision: “the immunities granted to Omar Al Bashir under international law and attached to his position as a Head of State have been implicitly waived by the Security Council of the United Nations by resolution 1593 (2005) referring the situation in Darfur, Sudan to the Prosecutor of the Court, and that the Republic of South Africa cannot invoke any other decision, including that of the African Union, providing for any obligation to the contrary.”
The recent actions by South Africa have the potential to erode the people’s confidence in the administration of justice particularly because it raises issues of equality before the law, the legitimacy of the courts and court orders being binding on everyone as provided for in Article 165 (2), (4) and (5) of the Constitution of South Africa (1994) respectively. If State officials can disregard with impunity the interim order of the Pretoria Court, what will stop them from undermining future court orders? That is the question foremost on the minds of many South Africans today.
We call on the courts of South Africa to establish accountability and on the government to undertake an independent investigation into the circumstances that allowed for the departure of President al-Bashir in defiance of the Pretoria Court order and international arrest warrant and for full cooperation with the Court’s own inquiry on the matter. Those responsible must be brought to prompt justice, including for contempt of court. We also call on the Assembly of States Parties of the ICC to take appropriate action to address non-compliance by South Africa and other States who breach their obligations of cooperation and assistance under the ICC Statute. We call on the United Nations Security Council which was briefed by the ICC Prosecutor on the situation in Darfur on 29 June to strongly reaffirm the obligation of States parties to duly cooperate with the ICC. Members of the Security Council, who referred Darfur to the ICC, have a special responsibility to fully support and facilitate the prosecutor’s continued work.
We also call on governments and political parties alike to respect the space afforded to civil society organisations, pursuant to the South African Constitution, to litigate in the interests of the public. Matters of justice and accountability are pursued in the interests of the public, and civil society organisations have a mandate that warrants action when government authorities act in contravention of constitutionally protected values. Access to justice is a constitutionally enshrined right that all are entitled to utilise.
This document has been signed by the following organizations:
- Associação de Reintegração dos Jovens/Crianças na Vida Social, Angola
- Associação Justiça Paz e Democracia, Angola
- Missão de Beneficência Agropecuária do Kubango, Inclusão, Tecnologias e Ambiente, Angola
- Omunga Association, Angola
- DITSHWANELO – The Botswana Centre for Human Rights, Botswana
- Coalition Burundaise pour la Cour Pénale Internationale, Burundi
- Cameroon Coalition for the International Criminal Court, Cameroon
- Associação Caboverdiana de Mulheres Juristas, Cape Verde
- Coalition pour la Cour Pénale Internationale de la République Centrafricaine, Central African Republic
- Coalition Ivoirienne pour la Cour Pénale Internationale, Côte d’Ivoire
- Groupe de Travail sur les Instruments Internationaux de l’ONU, Côte d’Ivoire
- Observatoire Ivoirien des Droits de l’Homme, Côte d’Ivoire
- Réseau Equitas, Côte d’Ivoire
- Action Congolaise pour le Respect des Droits Humains, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Club des Amis du Droit du Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Observatoire decentralize de la RADDHO pour la Région des Grands Lacs, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Vision Sociale, Democratic Republic of the Congo
- Human Rights Concern – Eritrea
- African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies, Gambia
- Africa Legal Aid, Ghana, Netherlands
- Media Foundation for West Africa, Ghana
- International Center for Policy and Conflict, Kenya
- International Commission of Jurists, Kenya
- Kenya Human Rights Commission, Kenya
- Kenyans for Peace with Truth and Justice, Kenya
- Transformation Resource Centre, Lesotho
- Centre for Human Rights and Rehabilitation, Malawi
- Centre for Human Rights Education, Advice and Assistance, Malawi
- Centre for the Development of People, Malawi
- Network of Religious Leaders Living with or Personally Affected by HIV and AIDS, Malawi
- Maphunziro Foundation, Malawi
- Coalition Malienne pour la Cour Pénale Internationale, Mali
- Femmes et Droits Humains, Mali
- Association Mauritanienne des Droits de l’Homme, Mauritania
- Associação, Mulher, Lei e Desenvolvimento, Mozambique
- AIDS & Rights Alliance for Southern Africa, Namibia
- NamRights, Namibia
- Access to Justice, Nigeria
- Civil Resource Development and Documentation Centre, Nigeria
- Coalition for Eastern NGOs, Nigeria
- Legal Defence & Assistance Project, Nigeria
- National Coalition on Affirmative Action, Nigeria
- Nigerian Coalition for the International Criminal Court, Nigeria
- Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project, Nigeria
- West African Bar Association, Nigeria
- Women Advocates’ Research and Documentation Center, Nigeria
- Rencontre Africaine pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme, Senegal
- African Center for Democratic Studies, Sierra Leone
- Centre for Accountability and Rule of Law, Sierra Leone
- Society for Democratic Initiatives, Sierra Leone
- Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, South Africa
- Corruption Watch, South Africa
- Gay and Lesbian Network, South Africa
- Global Interfaith Network on Sex, Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity, and Expression, South Africa
- International Crime in Africa Programme, Institute for Security Studies, South Africa
- Human Rights Institute of South Africa, South Africa
- Khulumani Support Group, South Africa
- Ndifuna Ukwazi, South Africa
- Section27, South Africa
- Sonke Gender Justice, South Africa
- Street Law South Africa, South Africa
- New Sudan Council of Churches, South Sudan
- Voice for Change, South Sudan
- Darfur Bar Association, Sudan
- Darfur Relief and Documentation Centre, Switzerland
- Children Education Society, Tanzania
- Kisarawe Paralegals Organization, Tanzania
- LGBT Voice, Tanzania
- Services Health & Development For People Living Positively HIV/AIDS, Tanzania
- Tanzania Network of Women Living with HIV and AIDS, Tanzania
- African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies, Uganda
- African Freedom of Information Centre, Uganda
- Empowered at Dusk Women’s Association, Uganda
- Foundation for Human Rights Initiative, Uganda
- Human Rights Network, Uganda
- Initiative for Rural Development, Uganda
- Uganda Coalition for the International Criminal Court, Uganda
- Uganda Victims Foundation, Uganda
- Initiative for Civil Liberties, Zambia
- Southern Africa Centre for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes, Zambia
- Counselling Services Unit, Zimbabwe
- Research and Advocacy Unit, Zimbabwe
- Zimbabwe Human Rights Association, Zimbabwe
- Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum, Zimbabwe
- Sudan Zero Conflict, UK
- Waging Peace, UK
- Act for Sudan, USA
- Coalition for Darfur & Marginalized Sudan, USA
- Darfur Women Action Group, USA
- Dear Sudan, Love Marin, USA
- International Justice Project, USA
- Investors Against Genocide, USA
- Massachusetts Coalition to Save Darfur, USA
- Pittsburgh Darfur Emergency Coalition, USA
- San Francisco Bay Area Darfur Coalition, USA
- Sudan Unlimited, USA
- Coalition for the International Criminal Court
- Fédération Internationale des Droits de l’Homme
- Human Rights Watch
- International Commission of Jurists
- Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom